Tentang Blog Gue …

Oleh satriaperwira

Hi guys …

Nice to meet you all in my blogs ..

Blogs ini berisikan tentang keseharian gue sebagai anak ko-ass atau lebih kerennya dokter muda di Banda Aceh…Isinya mulai dari curhatan gua, presentasi kasus & refrat, global statement atau artikel yang udah pernah gua publish di surat kabar …

It’s all free bro …:d

Looking forward for your comments here ….

1 Tanggapan ke “Tentang Blog Gue …”

Pengumpan untuk Entri ini Alamat Jejakbalik
  1. 1 lintang Juni 19, 2008 pukul 10:00 am

    bang bang.. numpang liat2 blognya ya.

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  • Distinct Outcomes of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Hamsters Are Related to Myocardial Parasitism, Cytokine/Chemokine Gene Expression, and Protein Expression Profile Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/> Background.  Trypanosoma cruzi–infected outbred hamsters reproduce the range of different outcomes of Chagas disease noted in humans. We tested whether myocarditis, its mediators, and myocardial protein expression are related to the severity of the acute phase of T. cruzi infection in the hamster model. Methods.  Myocardium left ventricles (LVs) obtained from Syrian hamsters infected with T. cruzi were collected 21 days after infection. Myocarditis and the T. cruzi nest/antigen area were analyzed by histological and morphometric analysis. Cytokine and chemokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was analyzed using real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by 2‐dimensional electrophoresis, followed by mass spectrometry. Results.  While in the acute phase of infection, 50% of animals displayed weight loss and signs of acute‐phase infection (hereafter referred to as “acute‐phase signs” [APS]) (e.g., lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea). Both the T. cruzi nest/antigen area and the expression of interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin‐10, and CCL3 mRNA were significantly increased in the LVs of animals with APS, compared with the LVs of animals without APS. Animals with APS, those without APS, and uninfected animals demonstrated distinct myocardial expression of contractile, stress response, and metabolism proteins. Conclusions.  The distinct outcomes of acute T. cruzi infection in Syrian hamsters are related to cardiac parasitism, cytokine expression, and changes in the expression of structural/contractile and stress response proteins that may be associated with alterations in the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton.
  • Collagen Deposition Limits Immune Reconstitution in the Gut Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/> Despite suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication by antiretroviral therapy, reconstitution of CD4+ cells is variable and incomplete, particularly in gut‐associated lymphatic tissues (GALT). We have previously shown that immune activation and inflammation in HIV‐infected and simian immunodeficiency virus–infected lymph nodes results in collagen deposition and disruption of the lymphatic tissue architecture, and this damage contributes to CD4+ cell depletion before treatment and affects the extent of immune reconstitution after treatment. In the present study, we compared collagen deposition and the extent of depletion and reconstitution of total CD4+ cells and subsets in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and inductive and effector sites in GALT. We show that CD4+ cell depletion in GALT correlates with the rapidity and greater magnitude of collagen deposition in this compartment, compared with that in peripheral lymph nodes, and that although treatment does not restore CD4+ cells to effector sites, treatment in the early stages of infection can increase CD4+ central memory cells in Peyer patches.
  • Case of Yellow Fever Vaccine–Associated Viscerotropic Disease with Prolonged Viremia, Robust Adaptive Immune Responses, and Polymorphisms in CCR5 and RANTES Genes Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/> Background.  The live attenuated yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF‐17D) is one of the most effective vaccines. Despite its excellent safety record, some cases of viscerotropic adverse events develop, which are sometimes fatal. The mechanisms underlying such events remain a mystery. Here, we present an analysis of the immunologic and genetic factors driving disease in a 64‐year‐old male who developed viscerotropic symptoms. Methods.  We obtained clinical, serologic, virologic, immunologic and genetic data on this case patient. Results.  Viral RNA was detected in the blood 33 days after vaccination, in contrast to the expected clearance of virus by day 7 after vaccination in healthy vaccinees. Vaccination induced robust antigen‐specific T and B cell responses, which suggested that persistent virus was not due to adaptive immunity of suboptimal magnitude. The genes encoding OAS1, OAS2, TLR3, and DC‐SIGN, which mediate antiviral innate immunity, were wild type. However, there were heterozygous genetic polymorphisms in chemokine receptor CCR5, and its ligand RANTES, which influence the migration of effector T cells and CD14+CD16bright monocytes to tissues. Consistent with this, there was a 200‐fold increase in the number of CD14+CD16bright monocytes in the blood during viremia and even several months after virus clearance. Conclusion.  In this patient, viscerotropic disease was not due to the impaired magnitude of adaptive immunity but instead to anomalies in the innate immune system and a possible disruption of the CCR5‐RANTES axis.
  • Relationship between Human Immunodeficiency Type 1 Infection and Expression of Human APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/> Background.  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1)–infected individuals with a high viral set point progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) more rapidly than those with a low viral set point. It is not entirely clear which host and viral factors are responsible for the viral set point. Host factors that affect virus replication are likely to influence the viral set point. Human APOBEC proteins have been shown to restrict HIV‐1 replication. Methods.  This prospective study was conducted to determine the relationship between human APOBEC3G (hA3G) and APOBEC3F (hA3F) levels and the viral set point. Fourteen subjects were classified as having a high viral set point, and 16 were classified as having a low viral set point. We quantified the levels of hA3G and hA3F mRNA in HIV‐1–infected, antiretroviral drug–naive individuals before and after infection. Results.  We found a significant correlation between the hA3G mRNA level and the viral set point. The expression of hA3G and hA3F increased after infection, and the levels of hA3G and hA3F mRNA were significantly higher after infection in the low viral set point group, compared with the high viral set point group. Conclusions.  The results suggest that the level of hA3G expression affects the establishment of the viral set point and may therefore function as a host determinant in the pathogenesis of HIV‐1 infection.
  • Dengue in Vietnamese Infants—Results of Infection‐Enhancement Assays Correlate with Age‐Related Disease Epidemiology, and Cellular Immune Responses Correlate with Disease Severity Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/> The pathogenesis of severe dengue is not well understood. Maternally derived subneutralizing levels of dengue virus–reactive IgG are postulated to be a critical risk factor for severe dengue during infancy. In this study, we found that, in healthy Vietnamese infants, there was a strong temporal association between the Fc‐dependent, dengue virus infection–enhancing activity of neat plasma and the age‐related epidemiology of severe dengue. We then postulated that disease severity in infants with primary infections would be associated with a robust immune response, possibly as a consequence of higher viral burdens in vivo. Accordingly, in infants hospitalized with acute dengue, the activation phenotype of peripheral‐blood NK cells and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells correlated with overall disease severity, but HLA‐A*1101–restricted NS3133–142‐specific CD8+ T cells were not measurable until early convalescence. Plasma levels of cytokines/chemokines were generally higher in infants with dengue shock syndrome. Collectively, these data support a model of dengue pathogenesis in infants whereby antibody‐dependent enhancement of infection explains the age‐related case epidemiology and could account for antigen‐driven immune activation and its association with disease severity. These results also highlight potential risks in the use of live attenuated dengue vaccines in infants in countries where dengue is endemic.
  • Efficacy of Intermittent Preventive Treatment versus Chloroquine Prophylaxis to Prevent Malaria during Pregnancy in Benin Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/> Background.  In West Africa, treatment for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy has recently changed from chloroquine (CQ) prophylaxis to intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp). We assessed the benefits of IPTp with respect to those of CQ, using a before‐after study. Methods.  CQ efficacy was evaluated during a cross‐sectional survey conducted in Benin between April 2004 and April 2005. IPTp efficacy was assessed using data from an ongoing clinical trial to compare sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine with mefloquine that began in the same maternity clinics during July 2005; the present analysis is limited to women who delivered between November 2005 and November 2006. Treatment assignments were not unblinded. We compared the efficacy of the 2 strategies against low birth weight and placental infection by performing multiple logistic regressions. Results.  A total of 1699 women (1090 in the CQ group and 609 in the IPTp group) who delivered live singletons were analyzed. Characteristics of women in the CQ group were similar to those of women in the IPTp group. We showed that women in the IPTp group had a significantly decreased risk of delivering an infant with a low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–0.78) and placental infection (aOR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09–0.24). Conclusion.  We clearly evidenced that IPTp is substantially more beneficial than CQ for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy. Trial registration.  Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00274235.
  • Initiatives for Developing and Comparing Genotype Interpretation Systems: External Validation of Existing Systems for Didanosine against Virological Response Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/> Background.  This study was performed to investigate the concordance between commonly used human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) drug resistance interpretation systems for didanosine (ddI) and their ability to predict responses at weeks 8 and 24. Methods.  The study included drug‐experienced HIV‐infected patients who had viral loads >500 copies/mL and who underwent a genotypic resistance test when beginning a ddI‐containing therapy. The interpretations of the level of resistance to ddI were compared for the 6 interpretation systems. Linear and logistic regression were used to assess their ability to predict responses for weeks 8 and 24, respectively. Results.  The 1453 patients had a median viral load of 4.3 log10 copies/mL, and 31% were preexposed to ddI. Complete concordance was found for 19% of samples, partial discordance for 49%, and complete discordance for 32%. The median viral load reduction at week 8 was 1.36 log10 copies/mL, and 56% of patients had viral loads >400 copies/mL at week 24. At week 8, all systems correctly predicted a greater viral load reduction in patients with susceptible viruses than in those with resistant viruses, but only the Stanford system was able to discriminate between patients with resistant, intermediately resistant, and susceptible viruses. No systems predicted virological response correctly at week 24. Conclusions.  Our results show the need for standardized methods to establish genotypic interpretation systems.
  • Helicobacter pylori Colonization Is Inversely Associated with Childhood Asthma Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/> Background.  Asthma, a serious health problem worldwide, is becoming more common. Colonization with Helicobacter pylori, a major human indigenous (commensal) microbe, during early life may be relevant to the risk of childhood asthma. Methods.  We conducted cross‐sectional analyses, using data from 7412 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000, to assess the association between H. pylori and childhood asthma. Results.  H. pylori seropositivity was inversely associated with onset of asthma before 5 years of age and current asthma in children aged 3–13 years. Among participants 3–19 years of age, the presence of H. pylori was inversely related to ever having had asthma (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–1.06), and the inverse association with onset of asthma before 5 years of age was stronger (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38–0.88). Among participants 3–13 years of age, H. pylori positivity was significantly inversely associated with current asthma (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24–0.69). H. pylori seropositivity also was inversely related to recent wheezing, allergic rhinitis, and dermatitis, eczema, or rash. Conclusions.  This study is the first to report an inverse association between H. pylori seropositivity and asthma in children. The findings indicate new directions for research and asthma prevention.
  • Comparison of Virulence in Community‐Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pulsotypes USA300 and USA400 in a Rat Model of Pneumonia Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/> Background.  The predominant genetic background of community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus has transitioned from USA400 to USA300 in most US communities. The explanation for this shift is unclear. We hypothesized that USA300 must be more pathogenic—specifically, that USA300 would have increased virulence when compared with USA400 in an animal model. Methods.  Rats were inoculated intratracheally with 1 of 6 S. aureus isolates from the USA300 and USA400 backgrounds. We assessed mortality, in vivo bacterial growth, and histopathology. We assessed the in vitro expression of capsule and of selected genes believed to be important in virulence in S. aureus, including agr, saeRS, sarA, α‐toxin (hla), and Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (pvl). Results.  USA300 isolates were more lethal, produced more severe pneumonia, and had higher in vivo bacterial density in the lung than did USA400 isolates. In vitro expression of agr, saeRS, sarA, hla, and pvl were greater in USA300 isolates. USA300 isolates were unencapsulated, whereas 2 of 3 USA400 isolates produced capsule. Conclusions.  USA300 isolates were more virulent than USA400 isolates in a model of necrotizing pneumonia. The explanation for this is unclear, but it likely results from increased expression of S. aureus regulatory systems (e.g., agr, saeRS, and sarA) and the resultant upregulation of key virulence factors including α‐toxin and PVL.
  • HIV Infection and the Gut: Scarred for Life? Juli 3, 2008
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. <br/>

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